Dry Mouth?

   A dry mouth can be miserable. Saliva also has several important functions.

• Lubrication- it makes you feel better, makes it possible to swallow food, and speak.
• Digestion- it actually has enzymes that start digestion.
• Cleaning- it helps to wash away food debris. It chemically buffers acid attacks from plaque or from acidic food or drink (Diet Coke!) Decay rates can skyrocket without enough saliva.
• It somehow helps keep the 1,000 different kinds of bacteria in your mouth in balance. Yeast infections and bad breath can result from imbalances.

Causes of dry mouth

• The most common cause in younger people is a medication side effect. This is possible with many medications.
• Sometimes the salivary glands just don't work like they used to.
• Detergents in toothpaste are drying.
• Diseases like Sjogren's.
• Radiation and other medical treatments can harm salivary glands.
• Lifestyle- smoking, mouth breathing due to tonsils, congestion etc.

Solutions (or at least aids)

• Water, sips all day long, a sip with every bite at meals, carry a bottle (or a flask!)
• Use a toothpaste without detergent. Detergents make the toothpaste foam. Americans like foaming cleaners, scrubbing bubbles! It's usually listed on the ingredients as a laureth sulfate. It's great for cleaning grease but not really helpful for toothpaste. Almost all of them have detergents. One that doesn't, and is widely available, is biotene. 
• biotene has other products like sprays, mouthwash, rinses and gum. They all contain helpful lubricants and enzymes.
  
• Mints and gum will stimulate saliva production. For heaven's sake, sugarless! 
• Oramoist is a long lasing patch that sticks to gums. It gradually releases lubricants and stimulates salivation.
  
• There are prescription medications, such as Salagen, that can stimulate salivary glands. Of course it won't work if the glands don't work at all.
• If the cause is a medication, sometimes a different one can be tried, or the dose adjusted.
• Use a vaporizer to humidify bedroom air. 

    Don't ignore a dry mouth. The dental consequences can be severe, and some of the treatments are pretty easy.

What is a crown?

   A crown is replacement for the enamel, the outer layer of the tooth. A crown is used when the enamel is broken, stained, misaligned or weak. The crown, or cap,  provides strength and protection for the underlying tooth.

   Crowns used to be made of metal alloy, porcelain, or a combination of both. Modern crowns are usually made from high strength, tooth colored ceramic. See  our video for a demonstration of their strength- search YouTube for "Doctor Adrian crown strength.”

   The procedure takes two appointments. First the tooth is shaped and an impression and temporary are made. In 3 weeks we place the final crown.

   How long a crown lasts depends on 3 factors:

          How good is the dentist

          How good is the lab

          How good does the patient take care of it

A case of a cracked tooth. Biting caused pain.

The light makes the cracks more apparent

The ceramic crown

 Inside

 A new tooth

Grinding, or "Lips Together, Teeth Apart."

     It seems like I give this speech several times every day. Now I can just refer to this blog post!

     If everything is working correctly, you shouldn't even be aware of your teeth or bite. If your bite bothers, your jaw joint hurts, or I complain about tooth wear- we have a problem.

     If you grind, usually the front teeth wear. Clenching wears the back teeth. Either one can bother the joint.

     The normal wear rate for enamel is about 30 microns per year, so 1 mm in 30 years. If you have worn 3 mm off your teeth, not uncommon, you have the teeth of a 100 year old! I used to tell patients, you have the teeth of a __ year old, but the girls made me stop. It sounded too mean.

     If you have any of these issues, your teeth should never touch. Really, never! The teeth touching is what has caused the problem, so it just needs to stop. When you chew, food is between the teeth so that doesn't count. Most of us clench with stress- when freeway traffic is bad, when a child throws a fit, or when we have a dental appointment coming up. During the day, it's a matter of becoming aware of your clenching. I have seen hypnosis therapy used. The post-hypnotic suggestion is, "Lips together, teeth apart."

     Grinding at night obviously can't be stopped consciously. It is usually stress related. Many people start grinding in college, then it becomes a firmly entrenched habit. The solution is a bite guard. They can be smaller than the NFL style. The guard will prevent tooth wear, and usually stops the grinding. 20% of patients still grind, but at least it's acrylic that grinds away, not enamel.

     Children often grind their baby teeth. It's not stress, the cause is actually unknown. Many kids grind their teeth so flat that only a little disc is left when the tooth comes out. Only a small percentage of kids keep grinding when their permanent teeth come in. If the grinding continues, then it's a problem, we don't want wear on those teeth. I know how terrible it sounds, but ignore it. Close the bedroom door.

     The TMJ is a ball and socket joint. Instead of being a simple hinge, the joint can slide around so you can chew. A disc in the joint enables the sliding. The disc is held in place with ligaments. The most common TMJ problem is when the ligaments are damaged and the disc pops out of position. It makes a popping noise, sometimes makes it hard to open or close, and hurts. The first thing to do for TMJ is to be nice to the joint. If your knees hurt, it's time to stop running and do a different excercise. With TMJ, it's no more hard food like beef jerky or sourdough bread. Be careful not to open too wide. Don't clench or grind, don't even let your teeth touch in the daytime. At night wear a bite guard. If you are in the 20% that still grinds with a guard, it should still help. It holds your jaw down and forward and only touches in the front. That minimizes the pressure you can put on the joint. If it still hurts after (1) being nice to the joint and (2) wearing a nightguard, it's time to see a TMJ specialist.

    Give us a call if your bite needs to be evaluated.

New Dry Mouth Treatment

This is a new treatment for a miserable problem. It's a medicated patch that sticks to your cheek. We have seen some good results. It only costs about 50 cents per patch. It's available at Walgreens or online. Here's their info-

OraMoist dry mouth treatment is a small, tablet-sized patch that adheres easily and comfortably inside the mouth and then slowly dissolves. It releases ingredients that lubricate and moisten the mouth, and other ingredients that stimulate natural saliva production. Just hold the patch to the roof of the mouth or inside of the cheek for 10 seconds to get it to adhere. OraMoist works extremely well as a dry mouth treatment at night - often all night. During the day, the patch lasts up to 4 hours.

How to Choose a Dentist

Everyone would like to have a straight, white smile. Dentists know this. Dentists would love to do more cosmetic dentistry. Today, most dentistry should be some form of cosmetic dentistry. But, with so much choice out there, how do you choose a cosmetic dentist right for you?

Remember that you are placing your aesthetic future in someone else's hands—literally. You want to make sure that this person is qualified, experienced, and able to meet your specific needs. So shop around. Many cosmetic dentists offer free consultations. Take advantage of these offers. Visit a few different cosmetic dentists. As you do your research, consider the following things:

Training and education. It's pretty safe to assume that most dentists have a fair bit of dental education. But how much do they really know about cosmetic dentistry? Dental school training is at an introductory or general level. Many dentists never attend further training beyond reading "What's New" columns. To stay at the top level, dentists must constantly attend workshops and seminars and, especially, attend hands-on training to keep up with rapidly evolving materials and technology. A dentist who invests time, money and energy to his or her own continuing education demonstrates a commitment to achievement, and to patient satisfaction.

Honesty. A good cosmetic dentist will be upfront about what he or she can do for you, how much time it will take, and how much post-treatment maintenance you will have to do. Anyone who tells you about "quick and easy" fixes is trying too hard to sell you his or her services.

Communication. You want what's best for your teeth. So, too, should your cosmetic dentist. Choose one who listens and makes sure he or she really understands your needs. Remember, you're looking for a course of treatment tailored to your specific aesthetic goals, so seek a cosmetic dentist who will customize a plan for your teeth. Conversely, make sure you understand your dentist. Go for someone who describes in detail what he or she proposes to do, and clearly answers your questions.

Artistic Eye. Remember, these are your looks at stake. Make sure your cosmetic dentist considers not only what will work best for you, but what will look best for you as well.

Experience. Practice makes perfect in cosmetic dentistry, just like anywhere else. The more experience a dentist has had performing various cosmetic tasks, the better he or she will be at it. Ask potential cosmetic dentists how much experience they've had in the type of procedure in which you are interested.

Before and After Photos. Every good cosmetic dentist has a collection of these photos available for patient viewing. Look at them, and pay special attention to cases similar to yours. The photos should be high quality and show amazing detail. Careful, some dentists might have purchased a photo set containing generic photos of cosmetic dentistry success stories. Be sure that the photos you see depict actual clients of your dentist.

References. Ask other patients about their experience with a potential dentist. A Google search can reveal a lot. Google reviews can be a good resource. It's not perfect, it is possible to cheat the system, at least for a while. I think a bad review or two is a good thing.  It shows that the reviews aren't totally rigged, and no business can please everyone. I believe that before any medical practitioner treats you, you should check Google and online reviews. Also, you can phone the State Licensing Board to inquire if any complaints have been filed against the dentist. You can check for disciplinary actions at www.dopl.utah.gov.

Tour of the Facilities. Finally, have a look around the office. This is your opportunity to see the equipment, ask questions about available technology and procedures, and check out the sterilization areas.

Other things to watch for. The dentist should listen to what you want. It’s not, “yes doctor, whatever you think is best,” anymore. The days of the guy down the street making crowns in his basement are over, too. Ask which lab will be used and check their website. Ask to see lab work of a similar case. The lab work should be neat and polished, not sloppy.  The dentist should have nice teeth. They should be white and probably have no silver fillings. It shows if he really believes in cosmetic treatment. The office should run smoothly, there shouldn't be too many miscommunications or too much employee turnover. There should be enough assistants. Modern techniques require more hands than the dentist and one assistant. The dentist should be interested in conservative treatment. If the recommendation is a crown for every tooth that has a filling- red flag. Long appointments for extensive work are not easy. The dentist should be experienced with a variety of drugs to make the appointment easier. The dentist should be very concerned about your comfort, remember special requests and not be rough or heavy-handed.  Attention should be paid to the health of your gums, your jaw joint and bite.  Cosmetic dentistry is not a “recognized specialty.” If a dentist claims to “specialize” in cosmetic dentistry, they are guilty of poor use of the lingo at least, deception at most. 

   There are dentist's out there who are caring , honest, and talented- choose one of those!

Got Cold Sensitivity?

     Cold sensitivity can really hurt! It usually happens because the gums recede and root surface is exposed. A cavity can also cause it. Make sure it's not a cavity before you take any of the advice in this post. The root of the tooth has pores that open to the nerve inside the tooth, so cold will cause the nerve to hurt.

Sensitivity Toothpaste

     Sensitivity toothpastes contain chemicals that are supposed to get to the nerve and prevent the nerve from firing. It seems like a goofy strategy but they can be somewhat effective. The effect won't last very long.

Crest Sensi-Stop Strips

     The strips contain oxalates which form crystals which block the pores. "1 strip, 10 minutes, 1 month protection." That will depend on the amount of exposure to acids that dissolve away the crystals. That includes mostly acid from plaque and also from foods- citric acid from fruit, phosphoric and carbonic from soda, acetic from pickles. They come in a 3 pack for about $35.

Fluoride

    This is my favorite solution. When the gums recede beyond the enamel, the root surface is not only susceptible to cold but also to decay. Fluoride protects against both. It will block the pores and also soak into the tooth for decay protection. 

   Crest Pro-Health and some of the Sensodyne pastes have stannous fluoride which I think is best. Boring chemistry alert! The rest of this paragraph is only for nerds. It's too boring for normal people. Stannous fluoride is better because it has substantivity- meaning it will chemically bond to teeth and gums so everything is exposed to fluoride for hours. Other forms of fluoride wash away in minutes. Crest had stannous in it in the 50's, but it caused staining. The staining would polish right off with a professional cleaning, but that didn't help sales much. Now the genius chemists at P&G have solved the problem. It's something about a ring structure that surrounds the stannous fluoride molecule, still gives the protection but prevents staining.

   The strategy is to use the Pro-Health every time you brush. At night, don't rinse after you brush, go to bed, salivary production decreases and you get several hours of fluoride exposure. Continue to use the stannous paste because acids continue to etch it out of the tooth. For severe cold sensitivity, you can rub a bit of the toothpaste on the spot several times a day. It might even sting a little, that's just the fluoride going into the pores. Keep using the toothpaste and cold things should be much more confortable.

How to have Perfect Teeth

   I love doing a checkup and telling a patient their teeth are perfect. Here are the things you need to do to hear me say that at your exam.

Clean your Teeth

   Clean your teeth every time you eat something. Brushing is best; mouthwash or even swishing water helps. Brush for a full two minutes twice a day. It's almost impossible to brush that long without a timer.  A good ultrasonic electric brush is better. It can disrupt plaque better, and it has a timer.
   The type of paste used is less important than how well you brush, but we like Crest Pro-Health the best. It has a modern version of stannous fluoride, which is better for some really boring chemical reasons.
   Mouthwash? Everybody wishes there was a magic one but there isn't.
   You need to clean in between the teeth every day- floss, water pik or toothpick. Only a small percentage American's floss. I think that one reason is because of the learning curve, if it feels awkward it's hard to keep doing it. We'd be glad to work on your technique with you. A water pik will do a great job. The technology is better now than the one your Grandma has on her bathroom counter. We love a model that's only $25 and will stow away in a drawer. European dentists recommend toothpicks, but then they have awesome European toothpicks. Fortunately they're also available here. Don't use too large of a pick for a space or it will create a space- the gums will recede.

Fluoride

   Fluoride for kids- Fluoride helps a lot when it's built into developing teeth. It's great that fluoride is in the water, but it's hard to tell how much your child is getting. Is there fluoride in bottled water? Does your fridge or other filter remove it? It's difficult to tell. Here are some things to do that help- Drink tap water. Use a little fluoridated tooth paste even for the little ones. Fluoridated water is good for adults, too. You get a little fluoride to soak into your teeth every time you drink water. Again, drink tap water.

Diet

   Sticky foods are bad, they hang around on the teeth for a longer time. Acidic foods are bad: soda, pickles, citrus fruits. Even diet soda is acidic. Sweets are bad, even juice, because the bacteria in plaque convert it to acid. It's best to brush every time you eat.

Regular Professional Cleanings

   Gingivitis (inflamed gums) is the most common disease on earth. It needs to be controlled or it progresses to worse things.You can clean plaque off your teeth at home, although a hygienist can do it better. Tartar is the hard stuff, you can't get it off yourself. Some people form lots of tartar quickly, others not so much. Twice a year isn't necessarily best for everyone. Some might need 4 cleanings a year, others only one.

Xylitol

   This is a natural substance that can inhibit the bacteria that cause damaging plaque. It's available in mints, gum, and mouthwash. The amount in regular gum is probably not enough to help much. If you're going to try this you should use it 5 times a day, "strive for five."

Dry Mouth

   Saliva is very important to rinse away stuff, also to buffer acid attack. Decay can go crazy if your mouth is often dry. Most toothpaste contains detergent, which can be drying. Biotene is one of the few pastes that contain no detergent. It also has enzymes and other things that can be low if your mouth is dry. Biotene also makes a rinse, spray, and gum. Sipping water all through the day will also help.

Crooked Teeth

   There are a lot more little places for  trouble to start if the teeth aren't lined up straight. These days there can be easier ways to straighten teeth than 3 years in braces.